What is one limitation on the power of Congress to deny people rights according to Section 9?

One key limitation on Congress's power to deny people rights, as stated in Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution, is the prohibition against passing bills of attainder. A bill of attainder is a legislative act that singles out an individual or group for punishment without a trial. The framers of the Constitution included this limitation to protect individuals from being unfairly punished by the government and to uphold the principle of due process. This protection ensures that no one can be declared guilty of a crime and punished without the legal safeguards of a fair trial and proper judicial proceedings.

The other options do not pertain directly to the limitations on Congress's power to deny rights in the same way. The ability to levy taxes is a granted power, while the right to bear arms and the creation of new states concern other aspects of governance and individual liberties without the specific emphasis on prohibition against arbitrary punishment. Thus, the prohibition of bills of attainder stands out as the correct answer, as it directly addresses the concern of protecting individual rights from legislative overreach.